When Earth Catches Up to a Slower-Moving Outer Planet and Passes

Multiple Choice

When Earth catches up to a slower-moving outer planet and passes it like a faster runner overtaking a slower runner in an outside lane, the planet

A) exhibits retrograde motion.
B) slows down because it feels Earth's gravitational pull.
C) decreases in brightness as it passes through Earth's shadow.
D) moves into a more elliptical orbit.
E) exhibits prograde motion.