Question 1

The role of the counselor in action-oriented theories tends to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  reflective. 
B)  active and directive. 
C)  passive and insightful. 
D)  none of the above. B

Question 2

Which of the following research efforts were translated into action techniques, promoting systematic client change?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ivan Pavlov's salivating dogs and their responses to the ringing dinner bell 
B)  John Watson's discovery that neurosis can be induced by scaring infants 
C) B.F. Skinner teaching pigeons to play table tennis 
D)  All of the above. D

Question 3

Arnold Lazarus developed the theory of multi-modal counseling, which seeks to understand clients and intervene:

Accepted Answer

A)  across cross-cultural boundaries. 
B)  across hierarchical family structures. 
C)  at the levels of all seven modalities of the human personality. 
D)  at the socio-economic and cultural levels and domains. C

Question 4

"I feel very anxious about my upcoming test" is an example of _____ in Ellis' REBT.

Accepted Answer

A)  an irrational belief 
B)  an emotional effect 
C)  a belief or interpretation of experience 
D)  an activating emotional experience

Question 5

Psychological homework would tend to be employed by which set of theoretical orientations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Multimodal, psychodynamic, strategic 
B)  REBT, behavioral, multimodal 
C)  Behavioral, cognitive, existential 
D)  Structural, REBT, person-centered

Question 6

Expressive therapy includes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Art therapy and play therapy 
B)  Music and dance therapy 
C)  Biofeedback and hypnotherapy 
D)  All of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an irrational belief according to REBT?

Accepted Answer

A)  "That was aggravating, but that's okay." 
B)  "My feelings are hurt - I can't stand it!" 
C)  "I lost my job again; life just isn't fair." 
D)  "I lost my favorite pair of sunglasses; my whole life is ruined."

Question 8

All of the following are criticisms of behavioral approaches to counseling EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  they downplay the importance of the therapeutic relationship. 
B)  they can be mechanistic, manipulative, and impersonal. 
C)  they require counselors to ignore their own feelings. 
D)  they ignore the values of self-understanding in the change process.

Question 9

The influence and principles of behaviorism in the field of counseling have been:

Accepted Answer

A)  assimilated into the mainstream practice of counseling. 
B)  a radical counterpoint to the humanistic element in counseling. 
C)  avoided completely by insight-oriented counselors. 
D)  employed to dehumanize clients.

Question 10

In behavioral approaches to counseling, clients' problems are viewed as resulting from:

Accepted Answer

A)  a lack of appropriate psychosexual development. 
B)  a disturbed parent/child relationship. 
C)  maladaptive learning patterns. 
D)  inheriting poor patterns of behavior.

Question 11

The system of counseling developed by Albert Ellis tends to emphasize logical and rational analysis by employing which of the following strategies?

Accepted Answer

A)  ABC theory of emotions 
B)  Guided imagery 
C)  The empty chair 
D)  Systematic desensitization

Question 12

Action-oriented theories primarily focus on:

Accepted Answer

A)  verbal influence and not insight. 
B)  insight and not verbal influence. 
C)  interpretation and assessment. 
D)  behaviorally specific interventions.

Question 13

The terms "success identity" and "failure identity" are associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  psychoanalytic therapy. 
B)  biofeedback therapy. 
C)  reality therapy. 
D)  trait-factor counseling.

Question 14

The primary goal of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  help clients remediate emotional and developmental delays. 
B)  help clients identify and change their patterns of irrational thinking. 
C)  be more empathic and supportive toward clients. 
D)  promote clients' immediacy and independence.

Question 15

William Glasser is credited as the founder of which therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychodynamic therapy 
B)  Object relations therapy 
C)  Cognitive behavior therapy 
D)  Reality therapy

Question 16

Play therapy is most useful for children because:

Accepted Answer

A)  play is the primary form of expression for children. 
B)  it is an important way to establish a therapeutic relationship. 
C)  children have limited verbal and cognitive capabilities. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 17

Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) practitioners tend to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  passive and empathic. 
B)  nonverbally directive. 
C)  active and directive. 
D)  irreverent and humorous.

Question 18

Which of the following techniques tend NOT to be used by behavioral counselors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Social modeling 
B)  Reflective statements of feelings 
C)  Reinforcement 
D)  Contingency management

Question 19

The role of counselors within reality therapy is best described as being:

Accepted Answer

A)  passive, introspective, and cognitive. 
B)  active, directive, and cognitive. 
C)  insight-oriented. 
D)  laissez faire.

Exam 6: Action-Oriented Approaches