A Research Study Found That Household Income Is Related to Children's

Multiple Choice

A research study found that household income is related to children's school achievement. Which of the following would suggest a partially spurious relationship?

A) There is no relationship once you statistically control for parent education
B) Parent income and school achievement are unrelated to parent education, but related to each other
C) There is a relationship, even when parent education is held constant
D) There is a smaller relationship once parent education is taken into account