Beverley, Who Is a Canadian Judge, Has Just Heard the Parties

Multiple Choice

Beverley, who is a Canadian judge, has just heard the parties' arguments in a tort case. Given the complexity of the situation, she feels the need to do some independent research into the relevant law before she gives her decision. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Beverley will have to examine the rules pertaining to strict liability torts if the case before her deals with a conspiracy.
B) Beverley will need to examine the rules pertaining to intentional torts if the case before her deals with product liability.
C) Beverley is entitled to impose liability only if she is satisfied that the defendant breached an obligation, even if the case deals with a strict liability tort.
D) Every type of intentional tort requires proof that the defendant intended to cause the plaintiff to suffer an injury.
E) Beverley will need to examine the law of defences if the case before her deals with an intentional tort but not if it deals with a strict liability tort.