In Flower Beetles, Pygmy (Py) Is Recessive to Normal Size

Multiple Choice

In flower beetles, pygmy (py) is recessive to normal size (py⁺) , and red color (r) is recessive to brown (r⁺) . A beetle heterozygous for these characteristics was test-crossed to a beetle homozygous for pygmy and red. The following are progeny phenotypes from this testcross. $$\begin{array} { l l r } p y ^ { + } & r ^ { + } & 180 \\p y ^ { + } & r & 22 \\p y & r ^ { + } & 19 \\p y & r & 191 \\\text { Total } && 412\end{array}$$ Carry out a series of chi-square tests to determine if there is equal segregation of alleles at the py locus.
- What is the correct chi-square value and how many degree(s) of freedom should be used in its interpretation?

A) 0.16 with one degree of freedom
B) 0.16 with three degrees of freedom
C) 0.48 with one degree of freedom
D) 0.48 with two degrees of freedom
E) 4.56 with one degree of freedom