An Employer and a Union Have Been Negotiating the Renewal

Multiple Choice

An employer and a union have been negotiating the renewal of a collective agreement for eight months. At the last negotiation session, the employer explained its final offer to the union bargaining team. The employer maintained that a wage freeze was required in the first year of the agreement in order for the employer to stay in business. Subsequently the employer sent a letter to employees in the bargaining unit outlining its final offer. This situation best illustrates:

A) bargaining in bad faith
B) surface bargaining
C) hard bargaining
D) integrative bargaining
E) intraorganizational bargaining