What Effect, If Any, Would Persistent Tachycardia Have on Cardiac

Multiple Choice

What effect, if any, would persistent tachycardia have on cardiac output and why?

A) It would have little or no effect because cardiac output is related to stroke volume, not heart rate.
B) It would decrease cardiac output because filling time is decreased, which decreases stroke volume.
C) It would increase cardiac output because tachycardia increases contractility, which increases stroke volume.
D) It would have little or no effect on cardiac output because tachycardia does not affect preload, afterload, or contractility.