All Else Equal, a Rise in the Debt- To- GDP

Multiple Choice

All else equal, a rise in the debt- to- GDP ratio implies:

A) a greater surplus is needed to prevent further rises in the debt- to- GDP ratio.
B) a greater difference between the official and correct measures of the deficit as a fraction of GDP.
C) a greater ratio of interest payments to GDP.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.