In Empirical Tests of the Linder Hypothesis for a Given

Multiple Choice

In empirical tests of the Linder hypothesis for a given test country, a finding that conforms to the hypothesis would be that the test country trades more intensely with countries in which per capita income is __________ the per capita income of the test country. If the test country does not trade with some countries that have similar per capita incomes to the test country and these other countries are excluded from the empirical test, then the results of the empirical test will be __________ confirmation of the Linder hypothesis.

A) different from rather than similar to; biased against
B) different from rather than similar to; biased toward
C) similar to rather than different from; biased against
D) similar to rather than different from; biased toward