Which of the Following Is NOT True

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT true?

A) In a correlational study, we cannot infer causality because correlations do not allow us to determine which variable preceded the other.
B) In a correlational study, we cannot infer causality because we cannot rule out alternative explanations for the covariation between two variables.
C) In a correlational study, we cannot infer causality because participants are not randomly assigned to experimental and control groups.
D) In a correlational study, we cannot infer causality because we cannot be sure that the two variables associate strongly with one another.