The Correct Formula for Calculating the Sum of Squares for Within-Groups

Multiple Choice

The correct formula for calculating the sum of squares for within-groups variability is:

A) $\Sigma$ (X - GM) ².
B) $\Sigma$ (M_{row or column} - GM) ².
C) $\Sigma$ (X - M_cell) ².
D) $\Sigma$ (M_cell - X) ².