Marcus Is Talking on the Phone to His Mother When

Multiple Choice

Marcus is talking on the phone to his mother when a garbage truck drives by. As a result, he is unable to hear what his mom is saying for a few seconds. Which of the following is LEAST likely to help him figure out what his mother said?

A) previous knowledge of his mother's opinions and beliefs
B) his memory for the beginning of the sentence she was speaking when cut off
C) the context of the conversation
D) the fact that our minds fill in missing words, which is called the phonemic restoration effect