A Student Wants to Determine If Pennies Are Really Fair

Multiple Choice

A student wants to determine if pennies are really fair when flipped, meaning equally likely to land heads up or tails up. He flips a random sample of 50 pennies and finds that 28 of them land heads up. If p denotes the true probability of a penny landing heads up when flipped, what are the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses?

A) H₀: p ≥ 0.5, H_a: p < 0.5.
B) H₀: p ≤ 0.5, H_a: p ≠ 0.5.
C) H₀: p = 0.5, H_a: p ≠ 0.5.
D) H₀: p ≥ 28, H_a: p < 28.