R $\frac{\mathrm{R} \supset \sim \mathrm{D}}{\sim \mathrm{D}}$ A) Invalid

Multiple Choice

R $\frac{\mathrm{R} \supset \sim \mathrm{D}}{\sim \mathrm{D}}$

A) Invalid.
B) Affirming the consequent.
C) Disjunctive syllogism.
D) Modus tollens.
E) Modus ponens.