PART a If Class-Action Lawsuits Are Banned, Then Big Business $\begin{array} { l } \text {If \( \mathrm{C} \) then \( \mathrm{B} \). }\\ \text {{Not} B }\\ \hline\text {{Not} C }\\\end{array}$

Essay

PART A If class-action lawsuits are banned, then big business will win. Hence, big business will not win, since class-action lawsuits will not be banned.
Which of the following correctly expresses the form of this argument? a. $\begin{array} { l } \text {If \( \mathrm{C} \) then \( \mathrm{B} \). }\\ \text {{Not} B }\\ \hline\text {{Not} C }\\\end{array}$$\quad$ b. $\begin{array} { l } \text {Not C. }\\ \text {Not B. }\\ \hline\text {If \( \mathrm{C} \) then \( \mathrm{B} \). }\\\end{array}$$\quad$ c. $\begin{array} { l } \text { If \( C \) then \( B \).}\\ \text {Not C }\\ \hline\text { Not B.}\\\end{array}$

d. $\begin{array} { l } \text {If \( \mathrm{C} \) then \( \mathrm{B} \). }\\ \text { B}\\ \text { C}\\\end{array}$$\quad$ e. $\begin{array} { l } \text { If \( C \) then \( B \).}\\ \text {C }\\ \text { B}\\\end{array}$ PART B
Which of the following substitutions proves the argument invalid?
A) C = Nicole Kidman was beheaded, B = Nicole Kidman is dead.
B) C = Bob Smith was beheaded, B = Bob Smith is dead.
C) C = Abraham Lincoln was assassinated, B = Abraham Lincoln is dead.
D) C = George Washington is dead, B = George Washington was assassinated.
E) C = George Washington was beheaded, B = George Washington is dead.