PART a If Shopping Malls Utilize Video Cameras, Then the Privacy

Essay

PART A If shopping malls utilize video cameras, then the privacy of shoppers is invaded. Consequently, shopping malls utilize video cameras, because the privacy of shoppers is invaded.
Which of the following correctly expresses the form of this argument? a. $\begin{array} { l } \text {\(\text { If } S \text { then } P\) }\\ \text {P }\\ \hline\text {S }\\\end{array}$$\quad$ b. $\begin{array} { l } \text {P }\\ \text { S}\\ \hline\text { \(\text { If } S \text { then } P\)}\\\end{array}$$\quad$ c. $\begin{array} { l } \text {\(\text { If } S \text { then } P\) }\\ \text {S }\\ \hline\text {P }\\\end{array}$

d. $\begin{array} { l } \text {\(\text { If } \mathrm{P} \text { then } \mathrm{S} \text {. }\) }\\ \text {P }\\ \text {S }\\\end{array}$$\quad$ e. $\begin{array} { l } \text {\(\text { If } \mathrm{P} \text { then } \mathrm{S} \text {. }\) }\\ \text {S }\\ \text { P}\\\end{array}$ PART B
Which of the following substitutions proves the argument in invalid?
A) M = Angelina Jolie stars in movies, P = Angelina Jolie is an actress.
B) M = George Washington was beheaded, P = George Washington is dead.
C) M = Abraham Lincoln was assassinated, P = Abraham Lincoln is dead.
D) M = Tom Smith was killed in a plane crash, P = Tom Smith is dead.
E) M = George Washington is dead, P = George Washington was beheaded.