Many Statisticians Recommend __________ for an Assessment of Model Validity $e _ {i }$

Short Answer

Many statisticians recommend __________ for an assessment of model validity and usefulness. These include plotting the residuals $e _ {i }$ or standardized residuals $e _ { i } ^ { * }$ on the vertical axis versus the independent variable $x _ { i }$ or fitted values $\hat { y } _ {i }$ on the horizontal axis.