The Following Are Some of the Complications Associated with Call

Multiple Choice

The following are some of the complications associated with call provisions of bonds:
I. the firm may be prevented from calling bond because of non-refunding clause from issuing new debt.
II. the call premium is a tax-deductible expense for the firm but is taxed as capital gains to bondholders.
III. there may be other tax consequences to both the firm and the bondholders from replacing a low-coupon bond with a higher-coupon bond.
IV. there are costs and delays associated with calling and reissuing debt.

A) I only
B) I and II only
C) I, II and III only
D) I, II, III and IV