Many National Parks, Wildlife Refuges, and Wilderness Areas Lie Directly

Essay

Many national parks, wildlife refuges, and wilderness areas lie directly below designated military air space. This raises issues of whether wildlife and, for example, loud jet noises are compatible. In an effort to evaluate the effects of low-altitude jet-noise, researchers simulated these noises for captive desert mule deer. Three minutes after the loud noises were played, the heart rates (beats per minute) of these animals was measured, with the following results: 55.9, 51.1, 57.5, 65.5, 68.4, 64.9, 63.1, 55.3, 63.3 Assume that it is reasonable to think that these deer can be regarded as a random sample of desert mule deer.
a) Calculate and interpret a 95% confidence interval for the mean heart rate 3 minutes after loud jet noises.
b) The mean heart rate for desert mule deer is about 51.2 beats per minute. Based on the confidence interval in part (a), do you think that the loud jet noise has some lingering effect on the heart rate of desert mule deer? Explain.