In the Ottoman Empire, Why Did Reform Attempts, Such as the Tanzimat

Multiple Choice

In the Ottoman Empire, why did reform attempts, such as the Tanzimat, ultimately fail to produce revolutionary change?

A) Merchants refused to lend money to the sultan to finance his reforms.
B) Reform relied too much on the personal whim of rulers.
C) The clergy promoted change, but the military resisted it.
D) Land owners could not hire enough labor to grow crops for export.