In the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, What Led the Japanese

Multiple Choice

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, what led the Japanese to consider how to control and integrate foreign learning especially from China and Europe) ?

A) Foreign powers forced Japan to modernize by adopting "modern" science and culture.
B) Before the seventeenth century, Japan had not come into contact with foreign ideas or culture.
C) Earlier, foreign ideas rarely traveled beyond coastal regions, but by the eighteenth century, expanded networks of exchange facilitated their spread throughout the country.
D) Members of middle class idealized foreign culture, leading the shoguns to fear that learning about Enlightenment ideals might lead the merchants to overthrow the emperor.