A-Z Planning (Scenario) Organizations ABC and XYZ Are Both in the Same Industry

Multiple Choice

A-Z Planning (Scenario)
Organizations ABC and XYZ are both in the same industry and compete for the same set of customers in the marketplace. At ABC, the plans are made at the top level of management each year and then are formulated for and announced to each of the mid-level and first-level managers. At XYZ, the plans are made at the top, and then those managers meet with their subordinates at the next level and mutually agreed-to goals are established with them. The mid-level managers then meet with their first-level managers and mutually agreed-to goals are established with them. Finally, the first-level managers meet with each of their employees and mutually agreed-to goals are established with them.
-Assuming XYZ's hierarchy of goals is clearly defined, the result is ________.

A) formal planning department
B) unity of command
C) management by objectives
D) a means-end chain