Which Age-Related Changes in the Respiratory System Are Responsible for an Increased

Multiple Choice

Which age-related changes in the respiratory system are responsible for an increased susceptibility to pneumonia in older clients? Select all that apply.

A) Weaker cough reflex
B) Diminished gag reflux
C) Calcified costal cartilage
D) Osteopenia in the vertebrae
E) Increased stiffness of the thoracic cage