Question 1

If we retain the null hypothesis when it's really false, we have made a

Accepted Answer

A)   correct decision.
B)   Type I error.
C)   Type II error.
D)   none of the above. C

Question 2

If we reject the null hypothesis when it's really true, we have made a

Accepted Answer

A)   correct decision.
B)   Type I error.
C)   Type II error.
D)   none of the above. B

Question 3

A researcher is conducting a study to test the hypothesis that viewing family photos as compared with viewing photos of strangers) prompts more autobiographical memories. State the null and alternative hypotheses for this study.

Accepted Answer

Null: Viewing family photos will result in fewer or the same number of autobiographical memories as viewing photos of strangers in the population.Alternative: Viewing family photos will result in more autobiographical memories than viewing photos of strangers in the population.

Question 4

A distribution is (an)

Accepted Answer

A)   descriptive statistic.
B)   inferential statistic.
C)   value that represents a typical score.
D)   set of scores.
E)   none of the above.

Question 5

The calculated average of the scores in a distribution is the

Accepted Answer

A)   range
B)   mean
C)   mode
D)   median

Question 6

A Type II Error is an error made in a significance test when the researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The critical region is the most extreme portion of a distribution of statistical values for the null hypothesis determined by the alpha level.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The middle score in a distribution, such that half of the scores are above and half are below that value is the

Accepted Answer

A)   range
B)   mean
C)   mode
D)   median

Question 9

Which of the following can explain the results of this study?

Accepted Answer

A)   Exercise decreases memory abilities.
B)   More subjects with better memory were assigned to the Sudoku group than the exercise group.
C)   Subjects in the exercise group paid less attention to the study list than subjects in the Sudoku group.
D)   All of the above.

Question 10

Explain why it is necessary to set an alpha level of an inferential test.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why it is necessary to set...

Question 11

For the study above, suppose the test to compare the conditions resulted in a p value of .037. What decision should the researcher make in this case?

Accepted Answer

The answer of For the study above, suppose the test...

Question 12

A(n) ________ hypothesis predicts no effect, whereas a(n) _________ hypothesis predicts an effect.

Accepted Answer

A)   one-tailed, two-tailed
B)   two-tailed, one-tailed
C)   null, alternative
D)   alternative, null

Question 13

A graph of the means for different conditions in a study where each mean is graphed as a point and the points are connected in a line to show differences between mean scores is a line graph.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

________ statistics summarize a distribution, while _______ statistics provide a test of the hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A)   central; variability
B)   variability; central
C)   inferential; descriptive
D)   descriptive; inferential(e)  none of the above fit the sentence

Question 15

Two-tailed hypotheses are typically made only when a researcher has a logical reason to believe that one particular direction of the effect will occur.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The distribution of sample means is used to determine how likely it is that any sample mean will occur for a population.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution is the:

Accepted Answer

A)   range
B)   mean
C)   mode
D)   median

Question 18

The ________ measure of variability indicates the average difference between the scores of a distribution and the mean of a distribution.

Accepted Answer

A)   range
B)   standard deviation
C)   mode
D)   median

Question 19

One way that researchers sometimes estimate the population mean from the sample mean is with a confidence interval.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The null hypothesis is the opposite hypothesis to the scientific or alternative hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 7: Independent Variables and Validity in Research

If we retain the null hypothesis when it's really false, we have made a

If we reject the null hypothesis when it's really true, we have made a

A researcher is conducting a study to test the hypothesis that viewing family photos as compared with viewing photos of strangers) prompts more autobiographical memories. State the null and alternative hypotheses for this study.

A distribution is (an)

The calculated average of the scores in a distribution is the

A Type II Error is an error made in a significance test when the researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false.

The critical region is the most extreme portion of a distribution of statistical values for the null hypothesis determined by the alpha level.

The middle score in a distribution, such that half of the scores are above and half are below that value is the

Which of the following can explain the results of this study?

Explain why it is necessary to set an alpha level of an inferential test.

For the study above, suppose the test to compare the conditions resulted in a p value of .037. What decision should the researcher make in this case?

A(n) hypothesis predicts no effect, whereas a(n) _ hypothesis predicts an effect.

A graph of the means for different conditions in a study where each mean is graphed as a point and the points are connected in a line to show differences between mean scores is a line graph.

__ statistics summarize a distribution, while _ statistics provide a test of the hypothesis.

Two-tailed hypotheses are typically made only when a researcher has a logical reason to believe that one particular direction of the effect will occur.

The distribution of sample means is used to determine how likely it is that any sample mean will occur for a population.

The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution is the:

The ________ measure of variability indicates the average difference between the scores of a distribution and the mean of a distribution.

One way that researchers sometimes estimate the population mean from the sample mean is with a confidence interval.

The null hypothesis is the opposite hypothesis to the scientific or alternative hypothesis.