A Survey Conducted in a Small Town Yielded the Results

Essay

A survey conducted in a small town yielded the results shown in the table. $$\begin{array} { l | l c } & \text { Men}&\text { Women } \\\hline \text { Plan to vote } & 105 & 87 \\\hline \text { Do not plan to vote } & 312 & 246\end{array}$$
i) Test the claim that the intention to vote in the next presidential election is independent of the gender of the person being surveyed. Use a 0.05 significance level.
ii) Using Yates' correction, replace $\sum \frac{(\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{E})^{2}}{E}\text { with } \sum \frac{(|O-E|-0.5)^{2}}{E}$ and repeat the test.
What effect does Yates' correction have on the value of the test statistic?