Use A $\chi ^ { 2 }$ Test to Test the Claim That in the Given Contingency

Essay

Use a $\chi ^ { 2 }$ test to test the claim that in the given contingency table, the row variable and the column variable are independent.
-Tests for adverse reactions to a new drug yielded the results given in the table. At the 0.05 significance level, test the claim that the treatment (drug or placebo) is independent of the reaction (whether or not headaches were experienced). $$\begin{array} { r | r r } & \text { Drug }&\text { Placebo } \\\hline \text { Headaches } & 11 & 7 \\\text { No headaches } & 73 & 91\end{array}$$