When Participants in the Trucking Game Were Allowed to Communicate

Multiple Choice

When participants in the Trucking Game were allowed to communicate with one another (Deutsch & Krauss,1962) ,such communication seldom ensured cooperation.Why?

A) Participants communicated via intercom, and couldn't see the response of their opponents.
B) They were not allowed to bargain or negotiate in their communications.
C) The participants actually refused to communicate with one another.
D) The communication was one-way, and two-way communication is essential for resolving conflicts.
E) Communication is only helpful in conflict situations when people work to establish trust.