In an Experiment in Which Participants Were Insulted Either Before

Multiple Choice

In an experiment in which participants were insulted either before or after they learned that the offender was upset due to a low grade (Johnson & Rule,1986) ,participants were more likely to retaliate when the situation was explained to them after the insult.These results support the idea that provocation is less likely to result in an aggressive response when

A) those who provoke us apologize before we are provoked.
B) those who provoke us apologize after we are provoked.
C) we learn of mitigating circumstance ahead of time.
D) we can empathize with those who provoke us.
E) those who provoke us have an excuse for their behaviour.