The Difference in Speed and Efficiency Between Top-Down and Bottom-Up

Multiple Choice

The difference in speed and efficiency between top-down and bottom-up attentional control was assessed in an experiment conducted by Jonides and Yantis (1988) . The experiment examined how the abrupt onset of a visual stimulus captures attention. The research showed that the response time for participants who searched through an array of letters for a target letter increased with the number of letters to be searched when the target:

A) appeared on the side where the eyes were pointed.
B) appeared randomly and equally often on the left or right side of a display.
C) was the abrupt-onset item, regardless of the display size.
D) was either absent from the display, or it was not an abrupt-onset item.