An Educational Psychologist Administered a Number of Ability Measures to 120

Multiple Choice

An educational psychologist administered a number of ability measures to 120 14-year olds.The measures included an IQ test, and tests of mathematics, spelling, and general verbal ability as well as a test of the amount of time it took the students to learn material from the new curriculum.The correlation table is shown below: The research is criticized by other psychologists.On the basis of the information provided which of the following is a potentially valid criticism?

A) Correlation is not causation so the researcher should have experimentally manipulated IQ.
B) The research involves a within-participants design, so in order for the test to be valid the correlation needs to be greater than .3.
C) There is more than one variable so this is a case of multiple regression to the mean.
D) There is no independent variable so it is not an experiment so the results can tell us nothing about psychology.
E) None of the above.