If an Educational Official Ensures a Decision to Hold a Student

Multiple Choice

If an educational official ensures a decision to hold a student back one grade is based on results of multiple tests, which one of the following American Psychological Association recommendations for ensuring meaningful assessment is the official demonstrating?

A) No important decisions should be made based on one test score.
B) Tests used should have evidence of validity or provide useful information for the intended purpose.
C) Students must have a fair opportunity to learn the curriculum they will be tested on.
D) No subgroup of students should be disadvantaged by the test or test-taking conditions. Administrators should use test results solely for accountability purposes.