For Several Decades Now, Amphibian Species Worldwide Have Been in Decline

Multiple Choice

For several decades now, amphibian species worldwide have been in decline. A significant proportion of the decline seems to be due to the spread of the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) . Chytrid sporangia reside within the epidermal cells of infected animals, animals that consequently show areas of sloughed skin. They can also be lethargic, which is expressed through failure to hide and failure to flee. The infection cycle typically takes four to five days, at the end of which zoospores are released from sporangia into the environment. In some amphibian species, mortality rates approach 100%; other species seem able to survive the infection.
-The chytrid sporangia reside within the amphibian epidermal cells. Consequently, which term(s) apply to Bd?
1) ectosymbionts
2) parasites
3) commensals
4) pathogens
5) endosymbionts

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 4
D) 2, 3, and 5
E) 2, 4, and 5