Question 1

Research on Head Start shows that the program ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   improves children's cognitive performance
B)   undermines efforts at parent involvement
C)   improves children's IQ scores by 15-20 points
D)   is less effective than traditional preschool programs A

Question 2

What are the roles of private speech in children's development?

Accepted Answer

Private speech plays a role in self-regulation, which refers to the ability to control one's impulses and appropriately direct behavior; this increases during the preschool years. Children use private speech to plan strategies, solve problems, and regulate themselves so that they can achieve goals. Children are more likely to use private speech while working on challenging tasks and attempting to solve problems, especially when they encounter obstacles or do not have adult supervision. As children grow older, they use private speech more effectively to accomplish tasks. Children who use private speech during a challenging activity are more attentive and involved and show better performance than children who do not

Question 3

Follow-up research reveals that success on Piagetian tasks depends more heavily on the child's language abilities than on his or her actions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

At which age do children achieve the ability to copy simple shapes and some letters?

Accepted Answer

A)   2-3
B)   3-4
C)   4-5
D)   5-6

Question 5

When asked to recall a list of 10 items, 4-year-old Chase ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   is unlikely to use memory strategies
B)   will rely on scripting to remember
C)   will recall most of items
D)   is likely to use effective memory strategies

Question 6

Explain why most children in developed countries have dietary insufficiencies even though they tend to take in excess calories. How could their eating habits be changed for better nutrition?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why most children in developed countries...

Question 7

Jessica asks her mother, "How do I put this on?" while she is in a different room than her mother. Her mother asks her what she is trying to put on, because she cannot see what Jessica is doing. Jessica is demonstrating type of reasoning typical of preschoolers?

Accepted Answer

A)   egocentrism
B)   centration
C)   animism
D)   inflexibility

Question 8

Which concept is part of Vygotsky sociocultural perspective on a child's thinking?

Accepted Answer

A)   egocentrism
B)   animism
C)   appearance-reality distinction
D)   zone of proximal development

Question 9

Marla stops outside her 5-year-old son's room where he is playing alone with Legos. She hears him saying, "The green one goes here. I need a blue one to go here. My tower is finished!" Marla's son is demonstrating ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   private speech
B)   telegraphic speech
C)   signs of a psychological disturbance
D)   overregularization

Question 10

Which entity was created in 1965 by the federal government to provide economically disadvantaged children with nutritional, health, and educational services during their early years?

Accepted Answer

A)   Project Head Start
B)   Montessori Preschool
C)   Perry Preschool Project
D)   Carolina Abecedarian Project

Question 11

List and define three concepts associated with Vygotsky's theory than can be applied to academic instruction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and define three concepts associated with...

Question 12

Overregularization errors are a sign of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   a language delay
B)   grammatical sophistication
C)   left hemispheric dominance
D)   egocentric speech

Question 13

The definition of a preschool that allows enrollees to choose among a variety of activities and play as vehicles for learning is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   child-centered
B)   academic-centered
C)   public
D)   private

Question 14

The appearance-reality distinction is used to assess ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   egocentrism
B)   animism
C)   centration
D)   metacognition

Question 15

Research indicates that a difficult temperament at 18 months of age predicts picky eating 2 years later.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Due to lateralization, the left and right hemispheres rarely interact.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

At age 3, most children use plurals, possessives, or past tense inconsistently.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

When asked about her bedtime routine, 4-year-old Zoe says, "I put on my jammies, we brush teeth, and then read a book." Zoe's description is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   recognition memory
B)   scripts
C)   metacognition
D)   autobiographical memory

Question 19

Private speech accounts for 20-50% of the utterances of children ages 4-10.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

While working on building a tower with his 3-year-old daughter, Jon demonstrates how to put the bigger pieces down first, followed by placing some smaller pieces on top of them. After his daughter observes for a bit, she begins to pick up pieces and tries to put them in place. When the pieces fall over, she appears confused and looks to her father. Jon points to where the piece should go. Jon's modeling and support illustrate Vygotsky's concept of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   guided imagery
B)   metacognition
C)   scaffolding
D)   cultural transmission

Exam 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Research on Head Start shows that the program ______.

What are the roles of private speech in children's development?

Follow-up research reveals that success on Piagetian tasks depends more heavily on the child's language abilities than on his or her actions.

At which age do children achieve the ability to copy simple shapes and some letters?

When asked to recall a list of 10 items, 4-year-old Chase ______.

Explain why most children in developed countries have dietary insufficiencies even though they tend to take in excess calories. How could their eating habits be changed for better nutrition?

Jessica asks her mother, "How do I put this on?" while she is in a different room than her mother. Her mother asks her what she is trying to put on, because she cannot see what Jessica is doing. Jessica is demonstrating type of reasoning typical of preschoolers?

Which concept is part of Vygotsky sociocultural perspective on a child's thinking?

Marla stops outside her 5-year-old son's room where he is playing alone with Legos. She hears him saying, "The green one goes here. I need a blue one to go here. My tower is finished!" Marla's son is demonstrating ______.

Which entity was created in 1965 by the federal government to provide economically disadvantaged children with nutritional, health, and educational services during their early years?

List and define three concepts associated with Vygotsky's theory than can be applied to academic instruction.

Overregularization errors are a sign of ______.

The definition of a preschool that allows enrollees to choose among a variety of activities and play as vehicles for learning is ______.

The appearance-reality distinction is used to assess ______.

Research indicates that a difficult temperament at 18 months of age predicts picky eating 2 years later.

Due to lateralization, the left and right hemispheres rarely interact.

At age 3, most children use plurals, possessives, or past tense inconsistently.

When asked about her bedtime routine, 4-year-old Zoe says, "I put on my jammies, we brush teeth, and then read a book." Zoe's description is an example of ______.

Private speech accounts for 20-50% of the utterances of children ages 4-10.