Samuel, a 4-Month-Old, Is Being Cared for by His Grandmother

Multiple Choice

Samuel, a 4-month-old, is being cared for by his grandmother when a neighbor stops by to drop off a package. Samuel smiles when the neighbor first plays peek-a-boo with him, but then begins to cry. Once his grandmother picks him up, he begins smiling at the neighbor again. Which of Bowlby's phases of attachment is Samuel likely in?

A) phase 1: pre-attachment
B) phase 2: early attachment
C) phase 3: attachment
D) phase 4: reciprocal relationship