Question 1

A bottle of vintage red wine has lost its label. The concentration of tritium (  ) in the wine is 0.34 times that found in freshly bottled wines. If the half-life of tritium is 12.3 years, estimate the time elapsed since the wine was bottled.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A bottle of vintage red wine has...

Question 2

In the equation below, what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? 234Th → ? + beta particle

Accepted Answer

A)  Ac-234 
B)  Pa-234 
C)  Ac-235 
D)  Pa-235 
E)  Ac-233

Question 3

What is the nuclear process called where small nuclei are combined into larger ones?

Accepted Answer

A)  Photonuclear reactions 
B)  Nuclear fission 
C)  Thermal conductivity 
D)  Nuclear combination 
E)  Nuclear fusion

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents electron capture by the  nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)

Question 5

A mass of 6.02 × 1026 amu is equivalent to

Accepted Answer

A)  1 J. 
B)  1 kg. 
C)  1 g. 
D)  1 mol. 
E)  1 mg.

Question 6

What is the energy equivalent of 1 amu? (c = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)

Accepted Answer

A)  5.0 × 10-19 J 
B)  5.4 × 1043 J 
C)  6.6 × 109 J 
D)  1.5 × 10-10 J

Question 7

Alpha particles are identical to

Accepted Answer

A)  protons. 
B)  helium atoms. 
C)  hydrogen atoms. 
D)  helium nuclei. 
E)  electrons.

Question 8

When atoms of beryllium-9 are bombarded with alpha particles, neutrons are produced. What new isotope is also formed?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)

Question 9

Which type of radiation is the least dangerous to humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Positrons 
B)  Neutrons 
C)  Alpha 
D)  Beta 
E)  Gamma

Question 10

The 14C activity of some ancient Peruvian corn was found to be 10 disintegrations per minute per gram of carbon. If present-day plant life shows 15 dpm/g, how old is the Peruvian corn? (The half-life of 14C is 5730 yr.)

Accepted Answer

A)  1460 yr 
B)  1910 yr 
C)  3350 yr 
D)  3820 yr 
E)  9080 yr

Question 11

Suppose you have two very sensitive balances that can measure the masses of individual particles, depicted below. In these figures, "p" corresponds to a proton, and "n" corresponds to a neutron.   What is the relationship between the mass readings of the two balances? (Neglect differences due to experimental uncertainty.)

Accepted Answer

A)  The mass reading of balance 1 will be much higher than the mass reading of balance 2. 
B)  The mass reading of balance 1 will be slightly higher than the mass reading of balance 2. 
C)  The mass reading of balance 1 will be exactly the same as the mass reading of balance 2. 
D)  The mass reading of balance 1 will be slightly lower than the mass reading of balance 2. 
E)  The mass reading of balance 1 will be much lower than the mass reading of balance 2.

Question 12

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)

Question 13

The difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons, and electrons is called the ________ ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The difference between the mass of an...

Question 14

Which isotope, when bombarded with nitrogen-15, yields four neutrons and the artificial isotope dubnium-260?

Accepted Answer

A)  Californium-245 
B)  Thorium-257 
C)  Nobelium-245 
D)  Californium-249 
E)  Dubnium-249

Question 15

The radiochemist, Will I. Glow, studied thorium-232 and found that 2.82 × 10-7 moles emitted 8.42 × 106 α particles in one year. What is the decay constant for thorium-232?

Accepted Answer

A)  3.35 × 10-14 yr-1 
B)  4.96 × 10-11 yr-1 
C)  1.40 × 1010 yr-1  
D)  2.99 × 1013 yr-1 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 16

A rock contains 0.37 mg of Pb-206 and 0.95 mg of U-238. Approximately how many U-238 atoms were in the rock when it was formed billions of years ago? (The half life for 238U → 206Pb is 4.51 × 109 yr.)

Accepted Answer

A)  1.32 atoms 
B)  5.8 × 10-6 atoms 
C)  2.4 × 1018 atoms 
D)  3.3 × 1018 atoms 
E)  3.5 × 1021 atoms

Question 17

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation. U-238 + ? → 1 neutron + Fm-249

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)

Question 18

In the following reaction, identify X.

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)

Question 19

An isotope with a high value of N/Z will tend to decay through

Accepted Answer

A)  α decay. 
B)  β decay. 
C)  positron decay. 
D)  electron capture. 
E)  γ decay.

Question 20

The ________ has the same mass as the electron, but bears a charge of +1.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ has the same mass as...

Exam 20: Nuclear Chemistry

A bottle of vintage red wine has lost its label. The concentration of tritium ( ) in the wine is 0.34 times that found in freshly bottled wines. If the half-life of tritium is 12.3 years, estimate the time elapsed since the wine was bottled.

In the equation below, what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? ²³⁴Th → ? + beta particle

What is the nuclear process called where small nuclei are combined into larger ones?

Which equation correctly represents electron capture by the nucleus?

A mass of 6.02 × 10²⁶ amu is equivalent to

What is the energy equivalent of 1 amu? (c = 2.99792458 × 10⁸ m/s)

Alpha particles are identical to

When atoms of beryllium-9 are bombarded with alpha particles, neutrons are produced. What new isotope is also formed?

Which type of radiation is the least dangerous to humans?

The ¹⁴C activity of some ancient Peruvian corn was found to be 10 disintegrations per minute per gram of carbon. If present-day plant life shows 15 dpm/g, how old is the Peruvian corn? (The half-life of ¹⁴C is 5730 yr.)

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.

The difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons, and electrons is called the .

Which isotope, when bombarded with nitrogen-15, yields four neutrons and the artificial isotope dubnium-260?

The radiochemist, Will I. Glow, studied thorium-232 and found that 2.82 × 10^-7 moles emitted 8.42 × 10⁶ α particles in one year. What is the decay constant for thorium-232?

A rock contains 0.37 mg of Pb-206 and 0.95 mg of U-238. Approximately how many U-238 atoms were in the rock when it was formed billions of years ago? (The half life for ²³⁸U → ²⁰⁶Pb is 4.51 × 10⁹ yr.)

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation. U-238 + ? → 1 neutron + Fm-249

In the following reaction, identify X.

An isotope with a high value of N/Z will tend to decay through

The ________ has the same mass as the electron, but bears a charge of +1.