Identify the Correct Equation to Calculate the Formal Charge on an Atom

Multiple Choice

Identify the correct equation to calculate the formal charge on an atom.

A) formal charge = valence electrons - lone pair electrons
B) formal charge = valence electrons - associated electrons
C) formal charge = valence electrons - bonding electrons
D) formal charge = bonding electrons + lone pair electrons
E) formal charge = valence electrons - bonding electrons + lone pair electrons