Juan Sees a Nice Ferrari Pull Up to the Valet

Multiple Choice

Juan sees a nice Ferrari pull up to the valet stand in front of Mastro's Steakhouse. He waits until the owner finishes his meal and returns to the valet stand to pick up his car. He stands uncomfortably close to the owner and whispers into his ear that must hand over the keys or things will get violent. If Juan never enters the car, may he nonetheless be charged with carjacking?

A) Yes, a carjacking may be directed against an individual outside the car who is in possession of the keys and is sufficiently close to control the vehicle.
B) Yes, because Juan was lying in wait and possessed premeditation.
C) No, unless Juan physically enters the vehicle.
D) No, because a threat of violence is not sufficient to overcome the asportation. requirement