Robert Michels Suggests That the Reasons for Oligarchical Tendencies in Formal

Multiple Choice

Robert Michels suggests that the reasons for oligarchical tendencies in formal organizations include

A) the existence of hierarchical structures with authority exercised upward from the bottom.
B) the advantages that organization officials have over the other group members.
C) officials' lack of control over administrative resources.
D) officials' lack of control over communication networks.