An Important Condition for Establishing Causation Is Covariation

Multiple Choice

An important condition for establishing causation is covariation. This is:

A) a statistical measure of the magnitude of the difference between variables among comparison groups.
B) the degree to which a study parallels the real world.
C) the degree to which researchers can rule out other possible causal explanations for an observed relationship.
D) when changes in one variable are associated with changes in another variable.