If the National Heart Association Conducted a Longitudinal Study of 100

Multiple Choice

If the National Heart Association conducted a longitudinal study of 100 individuals over the course of their lives, data from whom of the following would likely be considered an outlier based on national cardiac trends?

A) Sam has no history of heart disease in his family, engages in moderate exercise, and tries to resist high sugar and high sodium foods in large amounts. Sam is currently alive and healthy at 66 years old.
B) Bert has consumed large amounts of sugary drinks and high fat saturated foods over the course of his life, in addition to smoking cigarettes daily. Bert lives to be 102 years old.
C) Gwen has always been an avid runner and a health conscientious individual who limits her sugar and sodium intake. Gwen lives to be 85 years old.
D) Vera is overweight and consumes high sodium and high fat foods on a daily basis, in addition to frequently drinking energy drinks. Vera dies at 48 years old from a heart attack.