Question 1

Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.

Accepted Answer

A)   another person's consciousness
B)   her own conscious experience
C)   her own unconscious wishes
D)   the social construction of consciousness A

Question 2

Which of the following choices refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?

Accepted Answer

A)   critical thinking
B)   hypothesis
C)   statistical validation
D)   scientific theory D

Question 3

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   behaviorism
B)   client-centered therapy
C)   introspection
D)   psychoanalysis C

Question 4

Which of the following is a common requirement of a PhD across different schools and/or countries?

Accepted Answer

A)   A year-long internship
B)   A dissertation
C)   A minimum of three years of coursework
D)   Earning licensure

Question 5

Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology.

Accepted Answer

A)   existential-phenomenological
B)   industrial-organizational
C)   clinical
D)   theoretical

Question 6

The expression "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts" would be most applicable to a person who studies ________ psychology, an older model that continues to influence areas like sensation and perception.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The expression "the whole is greater than...

Question 7

What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)   They were all concerned with describing and understanding animal behavior.
B)   They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience.
C)   They were all concerned with diagnosing and treating female psychosis.
D)   They were all concerned with the nature of evil during the Nazi regime.

Question 8

A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Gestalt psychology
B)   humanism
C)   psychoanalytic theory
D)   structuralism

Question 9

What three features are central to Carl Rogers's client-centered therapy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What three features are central to Carl...

Question 10

List some facts about the American Psychological Association.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List some facts about the American Psychological...

Question 11

Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)   Carl Rogers
B)   Francis Cecil Sumner
C)   Naomi Weisstein
D)   Noam Chomsky

Question 12

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   studying how emotional responses influence behavior while deemphasizing the importance of the subconscious
B)   studying implicit motivations for behavior through the use of implicit association tests
C)   studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes
D)   studying the genetic basis for behavior and theorizing how instincts influence behavior

Question 13

Which choice is an accurate definition of a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)   An idea that proves a theory
B)   A means of explaining social phenomena
C)   A way of looking at the world
D)   A tentative explanation

Question 14

Compare and contrast structuralism and functionalism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast structuralism and functionalism....

Question 15

For which concept is Abraham Maslow best known?

Accepted Answer

A)   Classical conditioning of non-human animals
B)   Dream analysis for the latent and manifest content of a dream
C)   Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior
D)   Studying the influence of reinforcement and punishment on behavior

Question 16

Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism?

Accepted Answer

A)   Scientific instruments were not sensitive enough to measure precise reaction times.
B)   Structuralism was parsimonious.
C)   The process was highly subjective.
D)   Wilhelm Wundt falsified his results.

Question 17

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive
B)   counseling
C)   forensic
D)   legal

Question 18

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   biopsychologist
B)   developmental psychologist
C)   humanist
D)   social psychologist

Question 19

Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   cognition
B)   perception
C)   personality
D)   social psychology

Question 20

Which individual wrote Principles of Physiological Psychology and is credited with establishing a scientific laboratory of Psychology at the University of Leipzig?

Accepted Answer

A)   Wolfgang Köhler
B)   Sigmund Freud
C)   Wilhelm Wundt
D)   William James

Exam 1: Introduction to Psychology