Even as Reform Efforts Have Focused on the Empowerment of Teachers

Multiple Choice

Even as reform efforts have focused on the empowerment of teachers and on increased autonomy for teachers, some attempts at reform have conflicted with those goals.Which of the following reflects a conflict with teacher empowerment and increased autonomy?

A) standardized testing of teachers
B) state-mandated, standardized evaluations of teachers
C) standardization and simplification of curriculum and appropriate instruction
D) all of the above