Instinct Failed as a Grand Theory of Motivation Primarily Because

Multiple Choice

Instinct failed as a grand theory of motivation primarily because:

A) it could explain only specific phenomena such as effort, self-control, and self-regulation.
B) it proved to be as mysterious and difficult to explain as was the motivation it supposedly generated.
C) its underlying explanatory logic was exposed as circular.
D) it focused only on explaining the direction of behavior, not the energization of behavior.