In a Study of Aggression, Dr

Multiple Choice

In a study of aggression, Dr. Berkowitz had participants watch either violent or non-violent media after they had been frustrated by a colleague. They were then able to deliver electric shocks to the colleague as feedback for mistakes made on a memory test. Berkowitz recorded the intensity of shocks delivered. Results indicated that more intense shocks were given when participants watched the violent media. In this study, the shocks delivered are

A) the independent variable
B) the confounding variable
C) the operational definition of aggression
D) an interaction effect
E) a measurement error