Madison Does a Study to Find Out If Using a Smart

Multiple Choice

Madison does a study to find out if using a smart phone in the evening negatively affects her sleep. In her study, the dependent variable could be

A) the latest she uses her smart phone in the day
B) the amount of time she uses her smart phone throughout the day
C) her level of fatigue before she goes to sleep
D) her subjective rating of how rested she feels every morning
E) none of the above are dependent variables