How Does the Respiratory System Contribute to Osteoporosis

Multiple Choice

How does the respiratory system contribute to osteoporosis?

A) Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted.
B) Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease.
C) Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption.
D) Immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair.
E) Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss.