How Does the Integumentary System Contribute to Osteoporosis

Multiple Choice

How does the integumentary system contribute to osteoporosis?

A) Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption.
B) Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted.
C) Immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair.
D) Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss.
E) Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease.