Question 1

During which historical period were the first psychology laboratories established

Accepted Answer

A)  the era of Classical Greece
B)  the early Renaissance
C)  the 1700s
D)  the 1800s D

Question 2

The influence of the cognitive approach has declined with the development of neuroimaging techniques.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Kyle repeats a telephone number over and over to himself so that he can remember it long enough to dial it. Kyle is using _____.

Accepted Answer

rehearsal

Question 4

Which alternative best expresses the influence of the cognitive approach

Accepted Answer

A)  The approach was influential in the past, but its influence is now decreasing.
B)  The approach has been highly influential, and its impact remains.
C)  The cognitive approach has been supplanted by other views and has had little impact.
D)  The approach is too new for us to gauge its influence.

Question 5

Which of the following types of psychologists is correctly paired with a field or setting in which he or she might work ?

Accepted Answer

A)  social psychologist; school
B)  industrial-organizational psychologist; corporation
C)  biopsychologist; marketing
D)  developmental psychologist; corporation

Question 6

Which alternative correctly matches a behaviorist with a description or contribution

Accepted Answer

A)  Skinner - examined the conditioning of fear in a child
B)  Watson - examined associations among dogs
C)  Skinner - brought behaviorism to the public at large
D)  Pavlov - the least well-known behaviorist

Question 7

As compared to 'cramming,' studying material in shorter sessions spread over time produces _____ test performance. This is known as the _____ effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  worse; practice
B)  better; practice
C)  better; spacing
D)  worse; spacing

Question 8

Which of the following American psychologists is correctly matched with his contribution to psychology

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud - opened one of the first psychology laboratories
B)  Skinner- contributed to behaviorism
C)  Watson - contributed to structuralism
D)  James - contributed to behaviorism

Question 9

What, if anything, unites psychology ?

Accepted Answer

A)  All psychologists are committed to the scientific method.
B)  All psychologists conduct research.
C)  All psychologists focus on measuring behavior.
D)  All psychologists use the same theoretical approach in studying mind and behavior.

Question 10

Which of the following psychologists studied the conditioning of fear responses to a rabbit in a young boy named Little Albert

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud
B)  Wundt
C)  James
D)  Waston

Question 11

Your textbook describes a study in which participants preferred tea whose name contained the first 3 letters of their own name 64% of time, and tea whose name contained the first three letters of their experimental partner's name 36% of the time. If unconscious preferences had no effect on behavior then participants should have chosen the tea whose name included the first three letters of their name what percent of the time ?

Accepted Answer

A)  75
B)  33
C)  25
D)  50

Question 12

Which of the following is the best definition of heritability

Accepted Answer

A)  The proportion of observed differences among people that is due to genetics
B)  The extent to which men and women differ in terms of their genetic makeup
C)  The average genetic similarity between identical twins.
D)  The average genetic similarity among strangers.

Question 13

Because values cannot be considered to be either true or false, science cannot prove or disprove them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

According to your text, two of the first research psychologists were _____ and _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  James and Watson
B)  Wundt and James
C)  Watson and Titchener
D)  Fechner and Freud

Question 15

Important cognitive psychologists include each of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Kahneman
B)  Broadbent
C)  Ebbinghaus
D)  Freud

Question 16

A procedure in which an observer describes the simple elements of a complex experience in as much detail as possible is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  inner perception
B)  introspection
C)  internal observation
D)  introjection

Question 17

Dr. Quinones studies the achievement motivation of junior high-school students. He asserts that such motivation mainly reflects the parenting and educational practices the students have experienced. This statement is most directly related to the _____ question; Dr. Quinones' position is toward the _____ end of the continuum.

Accepted Answer

A)  nature vs.nurture; nature
B)  nature vs.nurture; nurture
C)  determinism vs.free will; free will
D)  determinism vs.free will; determinism

Question 18

Making an early contribution to the psychology of memory, Bartlett studied memory for _____. He found that _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  stories; memory is influenced by one's existing knowledge
B)  stories; memory is largely unaffected by existing knowledge
C)  lists; list memory remains relatively constant over time
D)  lists; memory for lists is surprisingly good

Question 19

Dr. Gonzalez uses reaction time methods to study problem solving processes. Dr. Hirsch evaluates employee performance in a large corporation. Dr. Gonzalez is a _____ psychologist, whereas Dr. Hirsch is a(n) _____ psychologist?

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive; developmental
B)  cognitive; industrial-organizational
C)  developmental; industrial-organizational
D)  developmental; social

Question 20

Harris is describing the assumptions, rules, and procedures that psychologists use to gather observations. Dr. Harris is outlining the _____ method.

Accepted Answer

A)  deductive
B)  psychological
C)  rational
D)  scientific

Exam 1: Introducing Psychology