At What Point in the Research Process Are Theories Developed

Multiple Choice

At what point in the research process are theories developed?

A) after initial observations; they are then adjusted as necessary after further investigation
B) before extensive research; they are unchanging
C) after initial observations; they are not changed unless there is a change in the events the theory explains
D) before any observations have been made; they are later evaluated to determine if the principles hold up to rigorous testing