Jenna Believes That She Doesn't Have an Aptitude for Statistics

Multiple Choice

Jenna believes that she doesn't have an aptitude for statistics, so doesn't put much effort into her statistics class. She performs poorly in the class, supporting her initial belief. This is an example of a(n) :

A) reflected appraisal.
B) direct definition.
C) identity script.
D) self-fulfilling prophecy.
E) social comparison.